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Job opportunity at Alterledger
Trainee Accountant Vacancy
We are pleased to announce that another job opportunity at Alterledger has opened up for a Trainee Accountant.
Training for Chartered Management Accountant
If you have graduated in the last year and are looking for your first job after university there are some fantastic opportunities in Glasgow including a position at Alterledger as Trainee Accountant.
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Alterledger moved to Legal House
New office for Alterledger
Alterledger has been growing consistently over the last few years and the time has come to move into new office premises. Alterledger is now based at Legal House, 101 Gorbals Street, Glasgow G9 5DW
Growing the business and the team
We are pleased to announce that Graham has joined the team as Trainee Accountant and will be working through his ACCA qualifiation. For more information, please visit the Alterledger website.
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New Company Reporting Thresholds now in place
The new regulations came into force on 6th April 2015 setting the following thresholds for small companies
| Turnover | £10,200,000 | |
| Total assets | £5,100,000 | |
| Average no. of employees | 50 |
Medium Company thresholds will now be
| Turnover | £36,000,000 | |
| Total assets | £18,000,000 | |
| Average no. of employees | 250 |
Micro Entities thresholds are unchanged
| Turnover | £316,000 | |
| Total assets | £632,000 | |
| Average no. of employees | 10 |
As before its a 2 out of 3 test. The Audit thresholds are unchanged.
Micro entities are no longer required to produce a directors report.
The new thresholds will apply to financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2016. However, early adoption is permitted.
Further details in SI2015/980
steve@bicknells.net
R&D – impact on director remuneration
Example
You are the sole director in a company that undertakes some R&D. The annual profit is estimated at £140,000 for the year ended 31 March 2016 before taking into account the director’s remuneration.
You might think that the most tax-efficient remuneration package is £10,600 for 2015/16 to cover the personal allowance and then net dividends of £28,606 to take the director up to the basic rate band. You also need to consider whether the company can make an R&D relief claim and, if it can, how this might affect your decision.
Salary vs Dividends
If the director takes a typical remuneration package, then the net tax and NI savings over taking a salary of £39,206 would be £5,265, assuming the £2,000 employment allowance is available. This saving is made because dividends received within the basic rate band attract no further income tax plus no NI for the director or the company. This more than outweighs the additional corporation tax suffered on profits retained for dividends.
Taking R&D relief into account
From 1 April 2015 the R&D tax credit for SMEs increased from 225% to 230%. There is no R&D uplift on dividends received – only on salary. This means that paying a £39,206 salary would actually result in a saving over taking a small salary and dividends of £1,208.
What about a larger salary? In fact, if the client wanted to take out more than the basic rate band, then the salary may become even more tax efficient. A £70,000 salary would result in net tax/NI due of £1,366 after the R&D relief (assuming there was sufficient profit to offset the CT relief), whereas a salary of £10,600 and net dividends of £59,400 would result in net tax/NI of £5,883 – so the saving by taking a salary over dividends is £4,517.
HMRC will generally not accept 100% of a director’s salary costs within the R&D claim unless it can be clearly demonstrated that the director was exclusively involved in R&D activity.
Pension contributions
While dividends don’t qualify as eligible staff costs for R&D claims, company pension contributions do. New pension freedoms make pension contributions a much more attractive option, so you might want to consider this as part of your remuneration package.
If a company makes pension contributions of £40,000 for the director and they spend 60% of their time on R&D, the R&D relief on this will be £55,200 (£40,000 x 60% x 230%). This means that the overall CT saving on the pension contribution will be £14,240 (((£40,000 x 40%) + £55,200) x 20%). As there’s no NI due on pension contributions, this is an even more efficient option than taking additional salary.
Get the best deal for yourself
For advice on the best split between salary and dividends or help with setting up a limited company and registering for VAT, please contact Alterledger.
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How does s455 tax apply to Directors Loans? what if you ‘bed and breakfast’ the loan?
Directors (participators in a closed company) often borrow money from their companies with the intention of paying a dividend to repay the loan.
If the loan is outstanding more than 9 months after the company year end, then an extra 25% corporation tax charge is due, this is the s455 tax which is refunded when the loan is repaid as explained in this blog
http://stevejbicknell.com/2015/02/04/new-tax-procedure-for-directors-loans-s-455/
HMRC were concerned that some participators were avoiding this tax by raising funds short term to repay an outstanding loan. They would then draw a new loan very shortly afterwards – HMRC refer to this as “bed and breakfasting”. New anti-avoidance rules were therefore introduced in 2013.
These new rules incorporate two provisions – the “30-day rule” and the “intentions and arrangements” rule.
30-day rule
This applies where within a 30-day period:
- a shareholder makes repayments of their s455 loan; and
- in a subsequent accounting period, new loans or advances are made to the same shareholder or their associate.
So basically prevents the use of ‘Bed & Breakfasting’
‘intentions and arrangements’ Rule
Relief is denied regardless of the 30 day rule, if prior to repayment there is an outstanding amount of at least £15,000 and at the time the amount is repaid to the company, any person intended to redraw any of that amount or had made arrangements to make a new withdrawal; and a new withdrawal is made.
The relief denied is the lower of the amount repaid and the amount redrawn.
steve@bicknells.net
VAT for sole trader start-ups
How to maximise your VAT reclaim
Plan ahead and reclaim everything
If you are setting up a business and can ahead, you can register for VAT from the date your business will start. For most traders there is not any restriction on the date the business can start, but for some professional services eg barristers and advocates, no trade exists until they qualify. To maximise the VAT to be reclaimed, the sole trader can register for VAT in advance of date of commencement, effective the date they are due to qualify. This means that the VAT registration will be in place from the 1st day of trading and all sales invoices can be issued as VAT invoices.
Pre-registration VAT
There are specific rules allowing pre-registration VAT to be reclaimed, but any claims to recover pre-registration VAT must relate to the same trade and made by the same person. A sole trader who incorporates the business is not the same legal person as the new company. Any VAT suffered by the (unregistered) sole trader can’t be claimed as pre-registration VAT by the new company.
Get help with registering
Your accountant will be able to register you for VAT and recommend the best scheme for you. It can take a few weeks for HMRC to process applications, but accountants who are registered as agents with HMRC are likely to have a quicker turnaround time. For advice on registering for VAT and setting up your invoices, please visit the Alterledger website.
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New Childcare Vouchers from Autumn 2015
Childcare vouchers to be withdrawn for new employees
The existing benefits available in the form of childcare vouchers to employees will be withdrawn to new entrants in the Autumn of 2015. The current scheme saves National Insurance contributions for both employers and employees. Employees also save income tax.
English: British National Insurance stamp. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
New scheme to start in Autumn 2015
The new scheme for childcare vouchers will not be as good for many employees who currently benefit from the current scheme, but where both parents work and are self employed, they can get the government to pay £2,000 towards registered childcare.
How do I set up childcare vouchers?
Childcare vouchers are set up through your payroll scheme and must be available to all eligible employees to receive the tax benefit.
Alterledger can help
For more information on saving employer’s national insurance and preparing for changes to childcare vouchers, contact Alterledger or visit the website alterledger.com.
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Who cares what you think?
Are testimonials worth anything?
Many websites include “testimonials” from “customers”, but do they have any worth? If you want to attract new business it is good to be able to publish positive feedback, which helps demonstrate the value that other customers find in your service. The problem is that if reviews are obviously edited and self-selected they are not obviously representative of the views of your customers. Single line reviews taken out of context can be particularly misleading!
Use external review sites
One of the best-known review sites is tripadvisor. The greatest strength of these reviews is that hotels and restaurants etc have no control over the reviews. They have the opportunity to respond to criticism, but can’t cherry-pick the best reviews to give a false impression. The Pensions Regulator website is keen to point out that “private sector organisations we link to are not endorsed by Government and are provided for information only”; however it is worth noting that they include a link to VouchedFor on their advice page for individuals and in their guide to finding an advisor for Pension Auto Enrolment.
VouchedFor
If you are looking for a hotel you would probably prefer to check tripadvisor rather than lot of different websites for reviews. VouchedFor works along similar lines to tripadvisor, but for Accountants, Financial Advisors and Solicitors. Professionals who have a listing on the site must confirm that they recognise the name / email address of any reviewer before the review is posted online. Just like tripadvisor the professionals can’t read the review until is online so they can’t edit out any negative feedback and poor scores.
Tim Alter appeared in the guide in The Sunday Telegraph on March 29th. You can also read all his great client reviews on his VouchedFor profile!
Auto Enrolment
Many small businesses will need professional advice to help them set up a pension scheme to comply with Auto Enrolment regulations. If you are an employer and still need to prepare for your staging date, you can use an Accountant or Financial Adviser to guide you through the process. For help with setting up your payroll and preparing for your staging date, please contact Alterledger.
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Letters for under 21s
Changes for employees under 21
From 6th April 2015 employer national insurance contributions will be abolished for under 21s. If you employ anyone over 16 and under 21 years old you will need to use one of the new letters for under 21s in the national insurance category setting of your payroll software.
English: British National Insurance stamp. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Secondary contribution rates
This table shows how much employers pay towards employees’ National Insurance for tax year 2014 to 2015. The contribution rate calculated by your payroll software is set by the category letter.
| Category letter | £111 to £153
a week |
£153.01 to £770
a week |
£770.01 to £805
a week |
From £805.01
a week |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
| B | 0% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
| C | 0% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
| D | 3.4% rebate | 10.4% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
| E | 3.4% rebate | 10.4% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
| J | 0% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
| L | 3.4% rebate | 10.4% | 13.8% | 13.8% |
National insurance categories
Most employees will have a category letter of A or D depending on whether or not they are in a contracted-out workplace pension scheme. There are categories for mariners and deep-sea fisherman; the more common categories are shown below:
Employees in a contracted-out workplace pension scheme
| Category letter | Employee group |
|---|---|
| D | All employees apart from those in groups E, C and L in this table |
| E | Married women and widows entitled to pay reduced National Insurance |
| C | Employees over the State Pension age |
| L | Employees who can defer National Insurance because they’re already paying it in another job |
Employees not in contracted-out pension schemes
| Category letter | Employee group |
|---|---|
| A | All employees apart from those in groups B, C and J in this table |
| B | Married women and widows entitled to pay reduced National Insurance |
| C | Employees over the State Pension age |
| J | Employees who can defer National Insurance because they’re already paying it in another job |
Employees in a money-purchase contracted-out scheme
This kind of scheme ended in April 2012 but some employees might still be part of one.
| Category letter | Employee group |
|---|---|
| F | Tax years before 2012 to 2013 only: all employees apart from the ones in groups G, C and S in this table |
| G | Tax years before 2012 to 2013 only: married women and widows entitled to pay reduced National Insurance |
| C | Employees over the State Pension age |
| S | Tax years before 2012 to 2013 only: employees who can defer National Insurance because they’re already paying it in another job |
How to claim zero rate of employer contributions
You should already have proof of age for all your employees. A copy of a passport, driving licence or birth certificate will be required to show that your employee qualifies for the new zero rate of employer’s contribution. The seven new categories are valid from 6th April and must be applied from the first salary payment after 5th April 2015 to benefit from the new zero contribution rate for employers.
What does this have to do with Auto Enrolment?
You need to have proof of age for all your employees aged under 21 to claim the zero contribution rate for employer’s National Insurance. By the time of your staging date you must assess all your workers, based on their earnings and age. To help you prepare for Pension Auto Enrolment you can make sure that all your employee records are up to date and that your payroll software has the full details for all workers including their date of birth. This is a good opportunity to clean up all your employee data.
Alterledger can help
For more information on saving employer’s national insurance and preparing for Pension Auto Enrolment, contact Alterledger or visit the website alterledger.com.
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Pension annual allowance
Carrying forward unused pension annual allowance
Money that you pay into a UK registered pension scheme or qualifying pension scheme receives tax relief. Personal pension contributions are paid from your earnings after tax and the pension provider reclaims the 20% tax suffered. All employers will soon be required to offer pension schemes to employees, so now is a good time to think about what you can contribute to your pension scheme.
Anyone can make (gross) contributions each year of £3,600, but above this threshold the maximum you can put into the fund is 100% of Net Relevant Earnings (NRE). Tax relief on contributions is only available up to the Annual Allowance (including any Annual Allowance carried forward).
| Tax Year | 2011/12 £ |
2012/13 £ |
2013/14 £ |
2014/15 £ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Allowance | 50,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 | 40,000 |
Carry-forward relief
Any unused annual allowance can be carried forward provided you were a member of a registered pension scheme, or qualifying overseas pension scheme during the year. The carry-forward relief can be used for any unused allowance from the previous 3 tax years. Assuming you were a member of a pension scheme, but didn’t have any contributions (personal or employer’s) in the tax years from 2011-12 up to 2013-/14, it would be possible to have total contributions of £190,000 in 2014/15.
Net Relevant Earnings
- Earnings from employment
- Benefits in kind
- Self-employed profits as a sole trader
- Share of profits from a partnership
- Any profit from furnished holidaylettings
- Less allowable business expenses
Alterledger can help
Alterledger can explain the tax implication of pension contributions for employers and individuals. Contact Alterledger or visit the website alterledger.com for more information.
Business Accountant 